INFO HUB
Definition
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that affects movement, muscle tone, and posture. It is caused by damage or abnormal development of the brain that occurs before, during, or shortly after birth although it can also occur in the first few years of life. CP can range from mild to severe and can affect different parts of the body in different ways. The symptoms of CP can vary greatly from person to person and may include spasticity (stiff or tight muscles), involuntary movements, poor coordination, weakness, balance problems, difficulty with fine motor skills and problems with speech and language. Some individuals with CP may also experience intellectual or developmental disabilities, and other medical conditions.
CP can also cause other health issues such as intellectual disabilities, seizures, hearing or vision problems, sensory impairments and difficulties with feeding and digestion. There is currently no cure for CP, but treatment can help manage the symptoms and improve the individual’s quality of life.
Treatment may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, medication, surgery, and assistive devices such as braces, wheelchairs, or communication aids. The type and severity of CP can vary widely, so treatment is individualized and tailored to each person’s needs. Early intervention and ongoing support can make a significant difference in the outcome for people with CP.
Nutrition Care in Autism and Cerebral Palsy
Types
This type of CP involves a combination of spasticity, dyskinesia, and/or ataxia.
This is the most common type of CP, affecting about 70-80% of people with CP. It causes muscle stiffness and tightness, making it difficult for the person to move their limbs or perform daily activities.
This type of CP causes involuntary movements, such as writhing or twisting of the limbs, face, or tongue. It can also cause difficulty with speech, swallowing, and breathing.
This type of CP affects balance and coordination, making it difficult for the person to perform precise movements or maintain posture.
Sub Types
This type of CP affects all four limbs and the trunk, and can also affect the face, mouth, and tongue.
This type of CP affects one side of the body, usually the arm and leg.
This type of CP affects both legs, and to a lesser extent, the arms.
This type of CP affects only one limb, usually an arm or leg.
Management of Cerebral Palsy
Physiotherapy
Physical therapy is an essential component of managing CP. A physical therapist can work with the individual to improve their muscle strength, flexibility, and coordination. They can also help with gait training, balance training, and mobility training.
Occupational therapy
Occupational therapy can help people with CP improve their fine motor skills and daily living activities, such as dressing, grooming, and feeding.
Speech therapy
Speech therapy can help individuals with CP improve their communication skills, such as speech, language, and swallowing.
Medications
Medications may be prescribed to manage spasticity, seizures, and other associated medical conditions.
Surgery
In some cases, surgery may be recommended to improve mobility, correct joint problems, or alleviate spasticity.
Assistive devices
Assistive devices such as wheelchairs, braces, orthotics, and communication devices can help individuals with CP to increase their independence and participation in daily activities.
Education and support
Education and support for the individual and their family members can help them better understand and manage the condition. This can include counseling, peer support groups, and educational resources.
English 
Kiswahili